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Aging of the Other Genome: A Decisive but Ambitious Solution

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Google Tech TalksDecember, 19 2007The DNA in our cells consists of not only the well-known 46chromosomes currently receiving such avid attention from specialistsin sequencing technology, but also a large number of copies of arelatively tiny, circular DNA molecule inside the "powerhouse of thecell," the mitochondrion. Among other things, mitochondria performthe chemistry of breathing - they extract energy from nutrients byexquisitely regulated chemical reactions that consume oxygen andcreate CO2. This vital function depends on the 13 proteins encoded bythe mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), as well as on hundreds of proteinsthat are encoded in our more famous genome and imported across themitochondrial surface after construction in the body of the cell. ThemtDNA accumulates mutant, non-functional variants far faster than ourmain genome, so 20 years ago scientists began looking at the idea ofputting copies of the 13 genes of interest into the nucleus aftermaking modifications that would cause them to be processed by thesame "protein import" machinery that processes the mitochondrion'smany other proteins, thus making the mtDNA itself superfluous andmutations in it harmless. I will discuss this concept in detail in mytalk. Progress has been very erratic in the meantime but is now veryrapid, partly because of Methuselah Foundation-funded research.However, this approach may still prove impossible, so many other,ostensibly simpler ideas - some more promising than others - havebeen proposed, and I will describe some of these too.Speaker: Dr Aubrey de GreyAubrey de Grey is a biomedical gerontologist based in Cambridge, UK,and is the Chairman and Chief Science Officer of the MethuselahFoundation, a 501(c)(3) non-profit charity dedicated to combating theaging process. He is also Editor-in-Chief of "Rejuvenation Research",the world's only peer-reviewed journal focused on intervention inaging. His research interests encompass the etiology of all theaccumulating and eventually pathogenic molecular and cellularside-effects of metabolism ("damage") that constitute mammalian agingand the design of interventions to repair and/or obviate that damage.He has developed a possibly comprehensive plan for such repair, termedStrategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence (SENS), which breaks theaging problem down into seven major classes of damage and identifiesdetailed approaches to addressing each one. A key aspect of SENS isthat it can potentially extend healthy lifespan without limit, eventhough these repair processes will never be perfect, as the repair onlyneeds to approach perfection rapidly enough to keep the overall levelof damage below pathogenic levels. de Grey has termed this requiredrate of improvement of repair therapies "longevity escape velocity".

Channel: Science & Technology
Uploaded: December 31, 1969 at 3:59 pm
Author: googletechtalks

Length: 02:26
Rating: 4.83
Views: 16380

Tags: education  engedu  google  googletechtalks  talk  talks  techtalk  techtalks  

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donnalvx (December 31, 1969 at 3:59 pm)
Do you know , FACE IS THE INDEX OF MIND not the body. We can do some excercise and strengthen our skin and muscles but can we reallly bring back our INNOCENT face?Yes, says an Indian author. Type "liveinmatrix" in GOOGLE and follow the first link to know the secret
inkstersco (December 31, 1969 at 3:59 pm)
I think what's more likely is that the child fills the berth of a dead non-parent.
inkstersco (December 31, 1969 at 3:59 pm)
No. The goal of his movement is to achieve rejuvenation, whilst allowing the ageing process to continue. If, at any point, he talks about "ending ageing", he is not referring to a true halt to the ageing process, but to periodical rejuvenation, that renders the ageing process negligible: Hence "Strategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence".
inkstersco (December 31, 1969 at 3:59 pm)
N.Sel. is the structuring force behind modern organisms. In later years of life, one is further from NS's zone of influence(the historical average moment of reproduction, age 19 or whatever). The historical influence of NS fades. So our structure fails. But the time-age of a single cell is not crucial here. The fact is, when a cell divides, the daughter cells get some of the physical imperfections of the parent cells(e.g. indigestible junk). And so there's a lifelong buildup of cell damage.
stevekap8 (December 31, 1969 at 3:59 pm)
I see. And yet I'm certain that I read that the goal of this "movement" was to END the aging process.
stevekap8 (December 31, 1969 at 3:59 pm)
I think this really gets at my point. Why would one type of cell age over th lifetime of the organism that it is a part of, and a single cell organism not age.I think the answer is the envirenment that the stomatic cell finds itself in. It is surounded by other cell, and infulenced by them. This we call development, when we like the result, and age, when we don't.
inkstersco (December 31, 1969 at 3:59 pm)
But this is another matter. SENS does not attempt to interfere with that aging process. To do so is called the "gerontology approach". The engineering approach is to get right in there and artificially restore the state youth, regardless of how aging initially happened. It's matter of tissue repair. Any gerontologist will tell you that the _difference itself_ between a young and old man exists at a cellular level. This in turn, impairs tissue function, which in turn leads to organ failure.
inkstersco (December 31, 1969 at 3:59 pm)
I thought you meant the reproduction of the individual.There's the age of the cell(time-since-division), and then there's the degree of imperfection in the cell that distuinguishes it from a younger guy's cells. When the other bloke referred to "aging cells" he was no doubt referring to the damage that has been passed on from cell to cell during the lifespan of the organism.
inkstersco (December 31, 1969 at 3:59 pm)
>usual tactic is to ban and censor commentsUsual tactic, eh? Even though I've never done it, ever? Never. So, not a usual tactic.Your tactic, on the other hand, isn't even much of a tactic.You accused SENS of being a for-profit scam.This is demonstrably falseYou accused de Grey of having a fake PhDThis is demonstrably falseYou said de Grey had no peer-reviewed workThis couldnt be further from the truth.As always, I had to do your homework for you *after the accusation.
stevekap8 (December 31, 1969 at 3:59 pm)
Also, inksterco, I'd like to point out again that your usual tactic, in the face of contrary opinion, is to ban an censor comments. It is important to get that out, as we are in a forum in which you are powerless to do so.

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